Premium
In Vivo Assembly and Disassembly of Probes to Improve Near‐Infrared Optical Bioimaging
Author(s) -
Zhao Mengyao,
Li Benhao,
Fan Yong,
Zhang Fan
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
advanced healthcare materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.288
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 2192-2659
pISSN - 2192-2640
DOI - 10.1002/adhm.201801650
Subject(s) - near infrared spectroscopy , in vivo , signal (programming language) , materials science , fluorescence , nanotechnology , interference (communication) , noise (video) , optoelectronics , computer science , biomedical engineering , optics , telecommunications , physics , artificial intelligence , biology , medicine , channel (broadcasting) , microbiology and biotechnology , image (mathematics) , programming language
The near‐infrared range (NIR, 700−1700 nm) has been used as a superior optical window for non‐invasive bioimaging. Increasing signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) is the most fundamental method to improve NIR bioimaging. However, the low delivery efficiency of fluorescent contrast agents leads to weak signal at lesions. Moreover, non‐specific accumulation and “always on” signals will cause “false positive” signals and high background noise, all of which result in low SNR and potential long‐term biotoxicity. Thus, to reach precise detection of lesions, strong bioimaging signals and low background interference are the two important pre‐requisites. This review provides an overview of in vivo assembly and disassembly strategies to improve tumor‐specific accumulation, “turn‐on” the silent signals, and reduce the background noise in NIR bioimaging windows. In vivo assembly and disassembly occurring spontaneously, responding to disease micro‐environment or external stimuli, including pH, enzymes, reactive oxygen species, redox, light, and specific recognition is summarized, which may provide ideas and approaches to further enhance bioimaging and reduce long‐term biotoxicity concerns.