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Quantum Dot–Dye Conjugates for Biosensing, Imaging, and Therapy
Author(s) -
Jung Sungwook,
Chen Xiaoyuan
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
advanced healthcare materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.288
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 2192-2659
pISSN - 2192-2640
DOI - 10.1002/adhm.201800252
Subject(s) - förster resonance energy transfer , biosensor , fluorescence , quantum dot , photochemistry , chemistry , biomolecule , conjugate , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide , conjugated system , fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy , biological imaging , nanotechnology , materials science , nad+ kinase , organic chemistry , mathematics , physics , quantum mechanics , enzyme , polymer , mathematical analysis
Adding value to the intrinsic properties of quantum dots (QDs), a strategy to conjugate dyes on the surface of QDs offers new opportunities, since the coupling between QD and dyes can be designed to allow Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and/or electron transfer (eT). These processes are accompanied by the change of QD and/or dye fluorescence and subsequent photochemical reactions (e.g., generation of 1 O 2 ). Based on the change of fluorescence signals by the interaction with biomolecules, QD–dye conjugates are exploited as biosensors for the detection of pH, O 2 , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate), ions, proteases, glutathione, and microRNA. QD–dye conjugates also can be modulated by the irradiation of external light; this concept is demonstrated for fluorescence super‐resolution imaging as photoactivatable or photoswitchable probes. When QDs are conjugated with photosensitizing dyes, the QD–dye conjugates can generate 1 O 2 in a repetitive manner for better cancer treatment, and can also be available for approaches using two‐photon excitation or bioluminescence resonance energy transfer mechanisms for deep tissue imaging. Here, the recent advances in QD–dye conjugates, where FRET or eT produces fluorescence readouts or photochemical reactions, are reviewed. Various QD–dye conjugate systems and their biosensing/imaging and photodynamic therapeutics are summarized.