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Two‐Photon‐Excited Silica and Organosilica Nanoparticles for Spatiotemporal Cancer Treatment
Author(s) -
Croissant Jonas G.,
Zink Jeffrey I.,
Raehm Laurence,
Durand JeanOlivier
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
advanced healthcare materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.288
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 2192-2659
pISSN - 2192-2640
DOI - 10.1002/adhm.201701248
Subject(s) - singlet oxygen , photodynamic therapy , materials science , nanoparticle , nanotechnology , nanomaterials , mesoporous organosilica , two photon excitation microscopy , drug delivery , mesoporous silica , mesoporous material , chemistry , fluorescence , catalysis , organic chemistry , oxygen , optics , physics
Coherent two‐photon‐excited (TPE) therapy in the near‐infrared (NIR) provides safer cancer treatments than current therapies lacking spatial and temporal selectivities because it is characterized by a 3D spatial resolution of 1 µm 3 and very low scattering. In this review, the principle of TPE and its significance in combination with organosilica nanoparticles (NPs) are introduced and then studies involving the design of pioneering TPE‐NIR organosilica nanomaterials are discussed for bioimaging, drug delivery, and photodynamic therapy. Organosilica nanoparticles and their rich and well‐established chemistry, tunable composition, porosity, size, and morphology provide ideal platforms for minimal side‐effect therapies via TPE‐NIR. Mesoporous silica and organosilica nanoparticles endowed with high surface areas can be functionalized to carry hydrophobic and biologically unstable two‐photon absorbers for drug delivery and diagnosis. Currently, most light‐actuated clinical therapeutic applications with NPs involve photodynamic therapy by singlet oxygen generation, but low photosensitizing efficiencies, tumor resistance, and lack of spatial resolution limit their applicability. On the contrary, higher photosensitizing yields, versatile therapies, and a unique spatial resolution are available with engineered two‐photon‐sensitive organosilica particles that selectively impact tumors while healthy tissues remain untouched. Patients suffering pathologies such as retinoblastoma, breast, and skin cancers will greatly benefit from TPE‐NIR ultrasensitive diagnosis and therapy.