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Electrical Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Schwann‐Cell‐Like Phenotypes Using Inkjet‐Printed Graphene Circuits
Author(s) -
Das Suprem R.,
Uz Metin,
Ding Shaowei,
Lentner Matthew T.,
Hondred John A.,
Cargill Allison A.,
Sakaguchi Donald S.,
Mallapragada Surya,
Claussen Jonathan C.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
advanced healthcare materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.288
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 2192-2659
pISSN - 2192-2640
DOI - 10.1002/adhm.201601087
Subject(s) - graphene , mesenchymal stem cell , materials science , nanotechnology , electrode , schwann cell , cellular differentiation , microbiology and biotechnology , biophysics , biomedical engineering , chemistry , biology , medicine , biochemistry , gene
Graphene‐based materials (GBMs) have displayed tremendous promise for use as neurointerfacial substrates as they enable favorable adhesion, growth, proliferation, spreading, and migration of immobilized cells. This study reports the first case of the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into Schwann cell (SC)‐like phenotypes through the application of electrical stimuli from a graphene‐based electrode. Electrical differentiation of MSCs into SC‐like phenotypes is carried out on a flexible, inkjet‐printed graphene interdigitated electrode (IDE) circuit that is made highly conductive (sheet resistance < 1 kΩ/sq) via a postprint pulse‐laser annealing process. MSCs immobilized on the graphene printed IDEs and electrically stimulated/treated (etMSCs) display significant enhanced cellular differentiation and paracrine activity above conventional chemical treatment strategies [≈85% of the etMSCs differentiated into SC‐like phenotypes with ≈80 ng mL −1 of nerve growth factor (NGF) secretion vs. 75% and ≈55 ng mL −1 for chemically treated MSCs (ctMSCs)]. These results help pave the way for in vivo peripheral nerve regeneration where the flexible graphene electrodes could conform to the injury site and provide intimate electrical simulation for nerve cell regrowth.