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Choline and Geranate Deep Eutectic Solvent as a Broad‐Spectrum Antiseptic Agent for Preventive and Therapeutic Applications
Author(s) -
Zakrewsky Michael,
Banerjee Amrita,
Apte Sanjana,
Kern Theresa L.,
Jones Mattie R.,
Sesto Rico E. Del,
Koppisch Andrew T.,
Fox David T.,
Mitragotri Samir
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
advanced healthcare materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.288
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 2192-2659
pISSN - 2192-2640
DOI - 10.1002/adhm.201600086
Subject(s) - antiseptic , microbiology and biotechnology , antimicrobial , staphylococcus aureus , candida albicans , pseudomonas aeruginosa , broad spectrum , medicine , biology , bacteria , chemistry , genetics , pathology , combinatorial chemistry
Antiseptic agents are the primary arsenal to disinfect skin and prevent pathogens spreading within the host as well as into the surroundings; however the Food and Drug Administration published a report in 2015 requiring additional validation of nearly all current antiseptic agents before their continued use can be allowed. This vulnerable position calls for urgent identification of novel antiseptic agents. Recently, the ability of a deep eutectic, C holine A nd Ge ranate (CAGE), to treat biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica was demonstrated. Here it is reported that CAGE exhibits broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity against a number of drug‐resistant bacteria, fungi, and viruses including clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Staphylococcus aureus , and Candida albicans as well as laboratory strains of Herpes Simplex Virus. Studies in human keratinocytes and mice show that CAGE affords negligible local or systemic toxicity, and an ≈180–14 000‐fold improved efficacy/toxicity ratio over currently used antiseptic agents. Further, CAGE penetrates deep into the dermis and treats pathogens located in deep skin layers as confirmed by the ability of CAGE in vivo to treat Propionibacterium acnes infection. In combination, the results clearly demonstrate CAGE holds promise as a transformative platform antiseptic agent for preventive as well as therapeutic applications.