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X‐Ray Excited Luminescence Chemical Imaging of Bacterial Growth on Surfaces Implanted in Tissue
Author(s) -
Wang Fenglin,
Raval Yash,
Tzeng TzuenRong J.,
Anker Jeffrey N.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
advanced healthcare materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.288
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 2192-2659
pISSN - 2192-2640
DOI - 10.1002/adhm.201400685
Subject(s) - luminescence , scintillator , materials science , optics , beam (structure) , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemistry , optoelectronics , detector , physics , chromatography
A pH sensor film is developed that can be coated on an implant surface and imaged using a combination of X‐ray excitation and visible spectroscopy to monitor bacterial infection and treatment of implanted medical devices (IMDs) through tissue. X‐ray scintillators in the pH sensor film generate light when an X‐ray beam irradiates them. This light first passes through a layer containing pH indicator that alters the spectrum according to pH, then passes through and out of the tissue where it is detected by a spectrometer. A reference region on the film is used to account for spectral distortion from wavelength‐dependent absorption and scattering in the tissue. pH images are acquired by moving the sample relative to the X‐ray beam and collecting a spectrum at each location, with a spatial resolution limited by the X‐ray beam width. Using this X‐ray excited luminescence chemical imaging (XELCI) to map pH through ex vivo porcine tissue, a pH drop is detected during normal bacterial growth on the sensor surface, and a restoration of the pH to the bulk value during antibiotic treatment over the course of hours with millimeter resolution. Overall, XELCI provides a novel approach to noninvasively image surface pH for studying implant infections and treatments.