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Endotoxin Removal by Magnetic Separation‐Based Blood Purification
Author(s) -
Herrmann Inge K.,
Urner Martin,
Graf Samuel,
Schumacher Christoph M.,
RothZ'graggen Birgit,
Hasler Melanie,
Stark Wendelin J.,
BeckSchimmer Beatrice
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
advanced healthcare materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.288
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 2192-2659
pISSN - 2192-2640
DOI - 10.1002/adhm.201200358
Subject(s) - limulus amebocyte lysate , polymyxin b , sepsis , lysis , bacteria , in vitro , whole blood , immunomagnetic separation , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , materials science , chromatography , biology , lipopolysaccharide , immunology , biochemistry , antibiotics , genetics
This work describes a magnetic separation‐based approach using polymyxin B‐functionalized metal alloy nanomagnets for the rapid elimination of endotoxins from human blood in vitro and functional assays to evaluate the biological relevance of the blood purification process. Playing a central role in gram‐negative sepsis, bacteria‐derived endotoxins are attractive therapeutic targets. However, both direct endotoxin detection in and removal from protein‐rich fluids remains challenging. We present the synthesis and functionalization of ultra‐magnetic cobalt/iron alloy nanoparticles and a magnetic separation‐based approach using polymyxin B‐functionalized nanomagnets to remove endotoxin from human blood in vitro . Conventional chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assays confirm decreased endotoxin activity in purified compared to untreated samples. Functional assays assessing key steps in host defense against bacteria show an attenuated inflammatory mediator expression from human primary endothelial cells in response to purified blood samples compared to untreated blood and less chemotactic activity. Exposing Escherichia coli ‐positive blood samples to polymyxin B‐functionalized nanomagnets even impairs the ability of gram‐negative bacteria to form colony forming units, thus making magnetic separation based blood purification a promising new approach for future sepsis treatment.