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Hydrothermal “Disproportionation” of Biomass into Oriented Carbon Microsphere Anode and 3D Porous Carbon Cathode for Potassium Ion Hybrid Capacitor
Author(s) -
Qian Yong,
Li Yang,
Pan Zhen,
Tian Jie,
Lin Ning,
Qian Yitai
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.202103115
Subject(s) - materials science , hydrothermal carbonization , carbon fibers , chemical engineering , hydrothermal circulation , anode , carbonization , disproportionation , lignin , composite material , composite number , organic chemistry , scanning electron microscope , chemistry , electrode , engineering , catalysis
The comprehensive utilization of biomass to obtain energy‐storage carbonaceous materials with special microstructures is of great significance. Herein, a universal method is proposed to fabricate oriented carbon microspheres (OCMSs) and 3D porous carbon (3DPC) block at the same time via high‐temperature hydrothermal “disproportionation” of biomass including but not limited to basswood, pinus sylvestris, red walnut, beech, bamboo, and sorghum straw. Through nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography mass spectrometry, as well as various morphologic and structural characterizations, it is demonstrated that OCMS with (002) orientation originates from the carbonization of organic matters produced by the successive decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin during the high‐temperature hydrothermal process, while the 3DPC blocks exhibit abundant sp 3 defects and micropores with a surface area of 855.12 m 2 g −1 due to the constant loss of organic components from basswood blocks. As a result, the OCMS anode exhibits a high capacity of 201.1 mA h g −1 at 2000 mA g −1 after 2000 cycles, 3DPC cathode delivers a capacity of 95.7 mA h g −1 at 1.0 A g −1 after 5000 cycles. Remarkably, the as‐assembled OCMS//3DPC potassium ion hybrid capacitor exhibits an energy of 140.7 Wh kg −1 at 643.8 W kg −1 , with a long cycle life over 8500 cycles.