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Passivation Layers in Lithium and Sodium Batteries: Potential Profiles, Stabilities, and Voltage Drops
Author(s) -
Xiao Chuanlian,
Usiskin Robert,
Maier Joachim
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.202100938
Subject(s) - passivation , electrolyte , materials science , voltage drop , lithium (medication) , battery (electricity) , voltage , open circuit voltage , interphase , thermodynamics , drop (telecommunication) , chemical engineering , electrode , nanotechnology , electrical engineering , chemistry , layer (electronics) , power (physics) , physics , medicine , genetics , engineering , endocrinology , biology
The profiles of the decisive thermodynamic potentials in a battery are analyzed with emphasis on the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) passivation layers that form. Consequences for growth and chemical stability are discussed. The extreme cases of an artificial SEI and a thermodynamically fully defined in situ SEI are distinguished. The analysis also includes the open‐circuit voltage drop over the combination SEI/electrolyte. The treatment is rigorous for the assumed simplified conditions (constant transport coefficients, pseudo‐1D geometry, and absence of space charge zones and structural complications). In the last section, more realistic situations are addressed on a less quantitative level. The results can also be applied to fuel cells or electrolyzers.