Premium
Establishing the Preferential Adsorption of Anion‐Dominated Solvation Structures in the Electrolytes for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Metal Batteries
Author(s) -
Xiao Dengji,
Li Qian,
Luo Dan,
Gao Rui,
Li Zhaoqiang,
Feng Ming,
Or Tyler,
Shui Lingling,
Zhou Guofu,
Wang Xin,
Chen Zhongwei
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.202011109
Subject(s) - electrolyte , solvation , materials science , adsorption , faraday efficiency , inorganic chemistry , metal , lithium (medication) , ion , chemical engineering , chemistry , organic chemistry , electrode , medicine , engineering , metallurgy , endocrinology
The practical application of Li metal batteries (LMBs) is severely hindered by the unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI). In this work, it is revealed that the unstable SEI mainly originates from the kinetic instability of Li + ‐solvation structures in the electrolyte which can result in continuous electrolyte decomposition and nonuniform Li deposition. To address this issue, preferential adsorption of anion‐dominated solvation complexes (A‐Coms) are established by integrating preferentially adsorbed anions (NO 3 − and Li 2 S 8 ) into the Li + ‐solvation structures. In these structures, the locations of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level shift from solvents to anions, rendering a relieved electrolyte decomposition and an anion‐derived SEI formation. Meanwhile, the anions in the A‐coms preferentially adsorb on the Li metal surfaces due to their stronger chemisorption capability toward lithium metal anodes (LMAs) compared to the solvent molecules, effectively shielding solvent molecules from parasitic reaction with LMAs. Furthermore, the anion‐derived SEI exhibits high Li‐ion conductivity and low Li atom adhesion energy, which can facilitate uniform Li deposition. Consequently, this electrolyte can enable a high Li plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency of 98.5% over 500 cycles and a stable cycling under realistic testing conditions with a high‐energy‐density of 310 W h kg −1 based on a full cell configuration.