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Synergistic Effects of Cation and Anion in an Ionic Imidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Additive for Improving the Efficiency and Stability of Half‐Mixed Pb‐Sn Perovskite Solar Cells
Author(s) -
Kim Hongki,
Lee Jong Woo,
Han Gi Rim,
Kim Seong Keun,
Oh Joon Hak
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.202008801
Subject(s) - materials science , passivation , formamidinium , crystallinity , energy conversion efficiency , tetrafluoroborate , perovskite (structure) , band gap , ion , halide , ionic liquid , chemical engineering , inorganic chemistry , nanotechnology , optoelectronics , catalysis , chemistry , organic chemistry , composite material , layer (electronics) , engineering
Narrow‐bandgap mixed Pb‐Sn perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have great feasibility for constructing efficient all‐perovskite tandem solar cells, in combination with wide‐bandgap lead halide PSCs. However, the power conversion efficiency of mixed Pb‐Sn PSCs still lags behind lead‐based counterparts. Here, additive engineering using ionic imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (IMBF 4 ) is proposed, where the imidazolium (IM) cation and tetrafluoroborate (BF 4 ) anion efficiently passivate defects at grain boundaries and improve crystallinity, simultaneously relaxing lattice strain, respectively. Defect passivation is achieved by the chemical interaction between the IM cation and the positively charged under‐coordinated Pb 2+ or Sn 2+ ions, and lattice strain relaxation is realized by lattice expansion with the intercalation of BF 4 anions into the perovskite lattice. As a result, the synergistic effects of the cation and anion in the IMBF 4 additive greatly enhance the optoelectronic performance of half‐mixed Pb‐Sn perovskites, leading to much longer carrier lifetimes. The best‐performing half‐mixed Pb‐Sn PSC shows an efficiency above 19% with negligible hysteresis, while retaining over 90% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h in a nitrogen‐filled glovebox and showing a lifetime to 80% degradation of 53.5 h under continuous illumination.