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Engineered Vascularized Flaps, Composed of Polymeric Soft Tissue and Live Bone, Repair Complex Tibial Defects
Author(s) -
Redenski Idan,
Guo Shaowei,
Machour Majd,
Szklanny Ariel,
Landau Shira,
Kaplan Ben,
Lock Roberta I.,
Gabet Yankel,
Egozi Dana,
VunjakNovakovic Gordana,
Levenberg Shulamit
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.202008687
Subject(s) - decellularization , soft tissue , adipose tissue , mesenchymal stem cell , biomedical engineering , tissue engineering , materials science , transplantation , regeneration (biology) , stromal cell , bone tissue , extracellular matrix , vascular tissue , anatomy , medicine , surgery , pathology , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , botany , endocrinology
Functional regeneration of complex large‐scaled defects requires both soft‐ and hard‐tissue grafts. Moreover, bone constructs within these grafts require an extensive vascular supply for survival and metabolism during the engraftment. Soft‐tissue pedicles are often used to vascularize bony constructs. However, extensive autologous tissue‐harvest required for the fabrication of these grafts remains a major procedural drawback. In the current work, a composite flap is fabricated using synthetic soft‐tissue matrices and decellularized bone, combined in vivo to form de novo composite tissue with its own vascular supply. Pre‐vascularization of the soft‐tissue matrix using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and human adipose microvascular endothelial cells (HAMECs) enhances vascular development within decellularized bones. In addition, osteogenic induction of bone constructs engineered using adipose derived mesenchymal stromal cells positively affects micro‐capillary organization within the mineralized component of the neo‐tissue. Eventually, these neo‐tissues used as axial reconstructive flaps support long‐term bone defect repair, as well as muscle defect bridging. The composite flaps described here may help eliminate invasive autologous tissue‐harvest for patients in need of viable grafts for transplantation.