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A Flexible and Regenerative Aptameric Graphene–Nafion Biosensor for Cytokine Storm Biomarker Monitoring in Undiluted Biofluids toward Wearable Applications
Author(s) -
Wang Ziran,
Hao Zhuang,
Wang Xuejun,
Huang Cong,
Lin Qiao,
Zhao Xuezeng,
Pan Yunlu
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.202005958
Subject(s) - biosensor , materials science , nanotechnology , wearable computer , biomarker , cytokine storm , graphene , nafion , biomedical engineering , computer science , covid-19 , medicine , embedded system , biology , electrochemistry , chemistry , disease , electrode , pathology , infectious disease (medical specialty) , biochemistry
Wearable sensors that can conveniently detect cytokine levels in human biofluids are essential for assisting hospitals to maximize the benefits of anti‐inflammatory therapies and avoid cytokine storms. Measurement of cytokine levels in biofluids still remains challenging for existing sensors due to high interference from the background. Here, this challenge is overcome through developing a flexible and regenerative aptameric field‐effect transistor biosensor, consisting of a graphene–Nafion composite film, for detecting cytokine storm biomarkers in undiluted human biofluids. The composite film enables the minimization of nonspecific adsorption and empowers the renewability to the biosensor. With these capabilities, the device is capable of consistently and sensitively monitoring cytokines (e.g., IFN‐γ, an inflammatory and cancer biomarker) in undiluted human sweat with a detection range from 0.015 to 250 n m and limit of detection down to 740 f m . The biosensor is also shown to incur no visible mechanical damage and maintain a consistent sensing response throughout the regenerative (up to 80 cycles) and crumpling (up to 100 cycles) tests. Experimental results demonstrate that the biosensor is expected to offer opportunities for developing wearable biosensing systems for distinguishing acute infectious disease patients and monitoring of patients’ health conditions in daily life.