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Lithiation‐Induced Vacancy Engineering of Co 3 O 4 with Improved Faradic Reactivity for High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Author(s) -
Zhang Yu,
Hu Yuxiang,
Wang Zhiliang,
Lin Tongen,
Zhu Xiaobo,
Luo Bin,
Hu Han,
Xing Wei,
Yan Zifeng,
Wang Lianzhou
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.202004172
Subject(s) - materials science , supercapacitor , electrochemistry , cobalt oxide , power density , oxide , vacancy defect , chemical engineering , reactivity (psychology) , density functional theory , electrode , nanotechnology , chemistry , crystallography , thermodynamics , computational chemistry , power (physics) , metallurgy , physics , engineering , medicine , alternative medicine , pathology
Transition metal oxides are promising electrode candidates for supercapacitor because of their low cost, high theoretical capacity, and good reversibility. However, intrinsically poor electrical conductivity and sluggish reaction kinetics of these oxides normally lead to low specific capacity and slow rate capability of the devices. Herein, a commonly used cobalt oxide is used as an example to demonstrate that lithiation process as a new strategy to enhance its electrochemical performance for supercapacitor application. Detailed characterization reveals that electrochemical lithiation of Co 3 O 4 crystal reduces the coordination of the CoO band, leading to substantially increased oxygen vacancies (octahedral Co 2+ sites). These vacancies further trigger the formation of a new electronic state in the bandgap, resulting in remarkably improved electrical conductivity and accelerated faradic reactions. The lithiated Co 3 O 4 exhibits a noticeably enhanced specific capacity of 260 mAh g −1 at 1 A g −1 , approximately fourfold enhancement compared to that of pristine Co 3 O 4 (66 mAh g −1 ). The hybrid supercapacitor assembled with lithiated Co 3 O 4 //N‐doped activated carbon achieves high energy densities in a broad range of power densities, e.g., 76.7 Wh kg −1 at 0.29 kW kg −1 , 46.9 Wh kg −1 at a high power density of 18.7 kW kg −1 , outperforming most of the reported hybrid supercapacitors.