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Dimensionality Concept in Solid‐State Reactions: A Way to Control Synthesis of Functional Materials at the Nanoscale
Author(s) -
Tokmachev Andrey M.,
Averyanov Dmitry V.,
Karateev Igor A.,
Sokolov Ivan S.,
Parfenov Oleg E.,
Storchak Vyacheslav G.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.202002691
Subject(s) - curse of dimensionality , germanene , silicene , materials science , nanoscopic scale , lattice (music) , nanotechnology , template , anisotropy , ternary operation , graphene , chemical physics , physics , computer science , quantum mechanics , machine learning , acoustics , programming language
Abstract The concept of dimensionality is fundamental in physics, chemistry, materials science, etc. Low‐dimensional and layered materials are distinguished by their unique physical properties and applications. Concurrently, low‐dimensional reactants, products, and reaction spaces extend the toolbox of materials science considerably. Here, the concept of dimensionality is adapted to solid‐state reactions by counting the basic axes along which the unit cell undergoes significant expansion/shrinking. For illustration, 1D synthesis of layered ternary compounds MA 2 X 2 via derivatives of 2D‐Xenes, silicene, and germanene, is demonstrated, and the reaction mechanism and the role of templates are determined. The approach is then extended to 1D synthesis of non‐layered compounds. The 1D nature of the reactions, established with structural studies, is explored by nanoscale confinement. The mutual orientation of the reaction and confinement—parallel (thus preventing the lattice expansion) or orthogonal—controls the reaction pathways and outcome. The work provides a proof‐of‐concept for anisotropic reactivity caused by directional confinement.