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Excellent Cycling Stability of Sodium Anode Enabled by a Stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formed in Ether‐Based Electrolytes
Author(s) -
Le Phung M. L.,
Vo Thanh D.,
Pan Huilin,
Jin Yan,
He Yang,
Cao Xia,
Nguyen Hoang V.,
Engelhard Mark H.,
Wang Chongmin,
Xiao Jie,
Zhang JiGuang
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.202001151
Subject(s) - faraday efficiency , electrolyte , anode , materials science , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , interphase , chemical engineering , sodium , inorganic chemistry , electrode , chemistry , metallurgy , biology , engineering , genetics
Sodium‐ion batteries have been considered one of the most promising power sources beyond Li‐ion batteries. Although the Na metal anode exhibits a high theoretical capacity of 1165 mAh g −1 , its application in Na batteries is largely hindered by dendrite growth and low coulombic efficiency. Herein, it is demonstrated that an electrolyte consisting of 1 m sodium tetrafluoroborate in tetraglyme can enable excellent cycling efficiency (99.9%) of a Na metal anode for more than 1000 cycles. This high reversibility of a Na anode can be attributed to a stable solid electrolyte interphase formed on the Na surface, as revealed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These electrolytes also enable excellent cycling stability of Na||hard‐carbon cells and Na||Na 2/3 Co 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 cells at high rates with very high coulombic efficiencies.