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Porous Single‐Crystal‐Based Inorganic Semiconductor Photocatalysts for Energy Production and Environmental Remediation: Preparation, Modification, and Applications
Author(s) -
Niu Jinan,
Albero Josep,
Atienzar Pedro,
García Hermenegildo
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.201908984
Subject(s) - materials science , crystallinity , photocatalysis , nanotechnology , semiconductor , photovoltaic system , cadmium telluride photovoltaics , amorphous solid , porosity , environmental remediation , optoelectronics , catalysis , contamination , composite material , organic chemistry , ecology , chemistry , biology
Semiconductor photocatalytic and photovoltaic performance depends on crystallinity and surface area to a large extent. One strategy that has recently emergyed to improve semiconductor photoresponse efficiency is their synthesis as porous single crystals (PSCs), therefore providing simultaneously high crystallinity, minimization of grain boundaries, and large specific surface area. Other factors, such as high density of active sites, and enhanced light absorption, also contribute to increased PSC photoresponse with respect to analogous bulk or amorphous materials. This review initially presents the concept and main properties of PSCs. Then, the synthetic routes and the applications as photocatalysts and as photovoltaic devices, mainly in sunlight applications, are summarized. The synthetic procedures have been classified according to the mechanism of pore generation. Applications cover photocatalysis for environmental remediation, solar fuels production, selective photooxidation of organic compounds, and photovoltaic devices. Finally, a summary and views on future developments are provided. The purpose of this review is to show how the use of PSCs is a powerful general methodology applicable beyond metal oxides and can ultimately lead to sufficient photoresponse efficiency, bringing these processes close to commercial application.