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Self‐Assembly in Hopper‐Shaped Crystals
Author(s) -
Yang Zeda,
Zhang Jingyi,
Zhang Lifu,
Fu Benwei,
Tao Peng,
Song Chengyi,
Shang Wen,
Deng Tao
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.201908108
Subject(s) - materials science , nanotechnology , crystal (programming language) , chemical physics , crystal growth , ion , instability , process (computing) , engineering physics , crystallography , computer science , mechanics , physics , chemistry , programming language , quantum mechanics , operating system
Hopper shape is a special type of crystal morphology. Hopper‐shaped crystals possess unique properties and show promise in many different applications. The understanding of how the building blocks (atoms, ions, and molecules) assemble into hopper‐shaped crystals and how the environmental factors influence the assembly process is critical to the properties and applications of hopper‐shaped crystals. In this review, the important interfacial instability theories that outline the underlying mechanisms for the formation of hopper‐shaped crystals are discussed. Next, the relevant experimental developments based on three categories of synthetic approaches are discussed: the growth through the control of the solute concentration, the temperature gradient, and the capping agent. At the end of the review, the applications, opportunities, and potential challenges of the hopper‐shaped crystals are discussed.