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Dental Resin Monomer Enables Unique NbO 2 /Carbon Lithium‐Ion Battery Negative Electrode with Exceptional Performance
Author(s) -
Ji Qing,
Gao Xiangwen,
Zhang Qiuju,
Jin Liyu,
Wang Da,
Xia Yonggao,
Yin Shanshan,
Xia Senlin,
Hohn Nuri,
Zuo Xiuxia,
Wang Xiaoyan,
Xie Shuang,
Xu Zhuijun,
Ma Liujia,
Chen Liang,
Chen George Z.,
Zhu Jin,
Hu Binjie,
MüllerBuschbaum Peter,
Bruce Peter G.,
Cheng YaJun
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.201904961
Subject(s) - materials science , natural bond orbital , lithium (medication) , carbon fibers , chemical engineering , lithium ion battery , niobium oxide , battery (electricity) , organic chemistry , niobium , composite material , molecule , chemistry , medicine , power (physics) , physics , quantum mechanics , composite number , engineering , metallurgy , endocrinology
Niobium dioxide (NbO 2 ) features a high theoretical capacity and an outstanding electron conductivity, which makes it a promising alternative to the commercial graphite negative electrode. However, studies on NbO 2 based lithium‐ion battery negative electrodes have been rarely reported. In the present work, NbO 2 nanoparticles homogeneously embedded in a carbon matrix are synthesized through calcination using a dental resin monomer (bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate, Bis‐GMA) as the solvent and a carbon source and niobium ethoxide (NbETO) as the precursor. It is revealed that a low Bis‐GMA/NbETO mass ratio (from 1:1 to 1:2) enables the conversion of Nb (V) to Nb (IV) due to increased porosity induced by an alcoholysis reaction between the NbETO and Bis‐GMA. The as‐prepared NbO 2 /carbon nanohybrid delivers a reversible capacity of 225 mAh g −1 after 500 cycles at a 1 C rate with a Coulombic efficiency of more than 99.4% in the cycles. Various experimental and theoretical approaches including solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, ex situ X‐ray diffraction, differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, and density functional theory are utilized to understand the fundamental lithiation/delithiation mechanisms of the NbO 2 /carbon nanohybrid. The results suggest that the NbO 2 /carbon nanohybrid bearing high capacity, long cycle life, and low gas evolution is promising for lithium storage applications.