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A Dual‐Retarded Reaction Processed Mixed‐Cation Perovskite Layer for High‐Efficiency Solar Cells
Author(s) -
Mali Sawanta S.,
Patil Jyoti V.,
Kim Hyungjin,
Kim HyunHoon,
Hong Chang Kook
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.201807420
Subject(s) - formamidinium , perovskite (structure) , materials science , iodide , halide , energy conversion efficiency , inorganic chemistry , chemical engineering , optoelectronics , chemistry , engineering
Mixed‐cation perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become of enormous interest because of their excellent efficiency, which is now crossing 23.7%. Their broader absorption, relatively high stability with low fabrication cost compared to conventional single phase ABX 3 perovskites (where A: organic cation; B: divalent metal ion; and X: halide anion) are key properties of mixed‐halide mixed‐cation perovskites. However, the controlling reaction rate and formation of extremely dense, textured, smooth, and large grains of perovskite layer is a crucial task in order to achieve highly efficient PSCs. Herein, a new simple dual‐retarded reaction processing (DRP) method is developed to synthesize a high‐quality mixed‐cation (FAPbI 3 ) 0.85 (MAPbBr 3 ) 0.15 (where MAPbBr 3 stands for methylammonium lead bromide and FAPbI 3 stands for formamidinium lead iodide) perovskite thin film via intermediate phase and incorporation of nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (N‐rGO). The reaction rate is retarded via two steps: first the formation of intermediate phase and second the interaction of the nitrogen groups on N‐rGO with hydrogen atoms from formamidinium cations. This DRP process allows for the fabrication of PSCs with maximum conversion efficiency higher than 20.3%.