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High‐Frequency Stimulation of Normal and Blind Mouse Retinas Using TiO 2 Nanotubes
Author(s) -
Ronzani Carole,
Cottineau Thomas,
GonzalezValls Irene,
Keller Valérie,
Picaud Serge,
Keller Nicolas,
Roux Michel Joseph
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.201804639
Subject(s) - retinal implant , retinitis pigmentosa , materials science , rhodopsin , stimulation , retina , implant , retinal , biomedical engineering , nanomaterials , blindness , neuroscience , nanotechnology , biophysics , optoelectronics , ophthalmology , biology , medicine , surgery , optometry
With three models in commercial use, artificial retinas are the most concrete hope to restore sight to blind patients, notably those affected with retinitis pigmentosa. However, present architectures are costly to produce, while the restored visual acuity remains below the legal threshold for blindness. Furthermore, the complexity of current systems with tethered application‐specific integrated circuits (asics) requires complex surgeries, with risks of complications and failures. In the search for new nanomaterials, it is demonstrated that, when placed in contact with photoreceptors (control mouse retinas) or directly with bipolar cells (rhodopsin P23H mouse retinas, a model of retinitis pigmentosa), films of vertically aligned anatase titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanotubes can drive the activity of the retinal network for stimulation frequencies up to the video rate (25 Hz), in response to short (5–20 ms), small (50–100 µm) light spots. Acting as continuous arrays of electrodes, these films should allow a fine tuning of prosthetic stimulations, through modulation of the spot size, duration, and precise localization over the implant surface.