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Origin of Hysteresis in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 Perovskite Thin Films
Author(s) -
Seol Daehee,
Jeong Ahreum,
Han Man Hyung,
Seo Seongrok,
Yoo Tae Sup,
Choi Woo Seok,
Jung Hyun Suk,
Shin Hyunjung,
Kim Yunseok
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.201701924
Subject(s) - piezoresponse force microscopy , perovskite (structure) , hysteresis , materials science , ferroelectricity , thin film , grain boundary , condensed matter physics , chemical physics , nanotechnology , optoelectronics , chemical engineering , composite material , microstructure , dielectric , physics , engineering
Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells are attracting the attention of researchers owing to the high level of performance they exhibit in photovoltaic device applications. However, the attainment of an even higher level of performance is hindered by their anomalous current–voltage ( I – V ) hysteresis behavior. Even though experimental and theoretical studies have suggested that the perovskite materials may have a ferroelectric nature, it is still far from being fully understood. In this study, the origin of the hysteresis behavior in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite thin films is investigated. The behavior of ferroelectricity using piezoresponse force microscopy is first examined. Then, by comparing the scan‐rate‐dependent nano/macroscopic I – V curves, it is found that ion migration assisted by the grain boundaries is a dominant origin of I – V hysteresis from a macroscopic viewpoint. Consequently, the observations suggest that, even though ferroelectricity exists in the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite materials, ion migration primarily contributes to the macroscopic I – V hysteresis. The presented results can provide fundamental guidelines to the resolution of hysteresis issues in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials.