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Plant‐Based Hollow Microcapsules for Oral Delivery Applications: Toward Optimized Loading and Controlled Release
Author(s) -
Potroz Michael G.,
Mundargi Raghavendra C.,
Gillissen Jurriaan J.,
Tan EeLin,
Meker Sigalit,
Park Jae H.,
Jung Haram,
Park Soohyun,
Cho Daeho,
Bang SaIk,
Cho NamJoon
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.201700270
Subject(s) - materials science , bovine serum albumin , extraction (chemistry) , chromatography , drug delivery , controlled release , coating , chemical engineering , biomedical engineering , composite material , nanotechnology , chemistry , medicine , engineering
Efficient oral administration of protein‐based therapeutics faces significant challenges due to degradation from the highly acidic conditions present in the stomach and proteases present in the digestive tract. Herein, investigations into spike‐covered sunflower sporopollenin exine capsules (SECs) for oral protein delivery using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model drug are reported and provide significant insights into the optimization of SEC extraction, SEC loading, and controlled release. The phosphoric‐acid‐based SEC extraction process is optimized. Compound loading is shown to be driven by the evacuation of air bubbles from SEC cavities through the porous SEC shell wall, and vacuum loading is shown to be the optimal loading method. Three initial BSA‐loading proportions are evaluated, leading to a practical loading efficiency of 22.3 ± 1.5 wt% and the determination that the theoretical maximum loading is 46.4 ± 2.5 wt%. Finally, an oral delivery formulation for targeted intestinal delivery is developed by tableting BSA‐loaded SECs and enteric coating. BSA release is inhibited for 2 h in simulated gastric conditions followed by 100% release within 8 h in simulated intestinal conditions. Collectively, these results indicate that sunflower SECs provide a versatile platform for the oral delivery of therapeutics.