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Lanthanide and Heavy Metal Free Long White Persistent Luminescence from Ti Doped Li–Hackmanite: A Versatile, Low‐Cost Material
Author(s) -
Norrbo Isabella,
Carvalho José M.,
Laukkanen Pekka,
Mäkelä Jaakko,
Mamedov Fikret,
Peurla Markus,
Helminen Hanna,
Pihlasalo Sari,
Härmä Harri,
Sinkkonen Jari,
Lastusaari Mika
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.201606547
Subject(s) - phosphor , materials science , luminescence , photoluminescence , lanthanide , doping , white light , metal , aqueous solution , detection limit , nanotechnology , optoelectronics , metallurgy , chemistry , ion , organic chemistry , chromatography
Persistent luminescence (PeL) materials are used in everyday glow‐in‐the‐dark applications and they show high potential for, e.g., medical imaging, night‐vision surveillance, and enhancement of solar cells. However, the best performing materials contain rare earths and/or other heavy metal and expensive elements such as Ga and Ge, increasing the production costs. Here, (Li,Na) 8 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 (Cl,S) 2 :Ti, a heavy‐metal‐ and rare‐earth‐free low‐cost material is presented. It can give white PeL that stays 7 h above the 0.3 mcd m −2 limit and is observable for more than 100 h with a spectrometer. This is a record‐long duration for white PeL and visible PeL without rare earths. The material has great potential to be applied in white light emitting devices (LEDs) combined with self‐sustained night vision using only a single phosphor. The material also exhibits PeL in aqueous suspensions and is capable of showing easily detectable photoluminescence even in nanomolar concentrations, indicating potential for use as a diagnostic marker. Because it is excitable with sunlight, this material is expected to additionally be well‐suited for outdoor applications.