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A Green and Facile Way to Prepare Granadilla‐Like Silicon‐Based Anode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries
Author(s) -
Zhang Lei,
Rajagopalan Ranjusha,
Guo Haipeng,
Hu Xianluo,
Dou Shixue,
Liu Huakun
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.201503777
Subject(s) - materials science , silicon , anode , hydrofluoric acid , carbon fibers , chemical engineering , nanotechnology , void (composites) , etching (microfabrication) , composite number , layer (electronics) , composite material , electrode , optoelectronics , metallurgy , chemistry , engineering
A yolk‐shell‐structured carbon@void@silicon (CVS) anode material in which a void space is created between the inside silicon nanoparticle and the outer carbon shell is considered as a promising candidate for Li‐ion cells. Untill now, all the previous yolk‐shell composites were fabricated through a templating method, wherein the SiO 2 layer acts as a sacrificial layer and creates a void by a selective etching method using toxic hydrofluoric acid. However, this method is complex and toxic. Here, a green and facile synthesis of granadilla‐like outer carbon coating encapsulated silicon/carbon microspheres which are composed of interconnected carbon framework supported CVS nanobeads is reported. The silicon granadillas are prepared via a modified templating method in which calcium carbonate was selected as a sacrificial layer and acetylene as a carbon precursor. Therefore, the void space inside and among these CVS nanobeads can be formed by removing CaCO 3 with diluted hydrochloric acid. As prepared, silicon granadillas having 30% silicon content deliver a reversible capacity of around 1100 mAh g −1 at a current density of 250 mA g −1 after 200 cycles. Besides, this composite exhibits an excellent rate performance of about 830 and 700 mAh g −1 at the current densities of 1000 and 2000 mA g −1 , respectively.