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Highly Flexible Transparent Electrodes Containing Ultrathin Silver for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
Author(s) -
Ghosh Dhriti Sundar,
Liu Quan,
MantillaPerez Paola,
Chen Tong Lai,
Mkhitaryan Vahagn,
Huang Minghuang,
Garner Sean,
Martorell Jordi,
Pruneri Valerio
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.201503739
Subject(s) - materials science , indium tin oxide , sheet resistance , optoelectronics , electrode , bending , substrate (aquarium) , figure of merit , energy conversion efficiency , transmittance , wetting , composite material , solar cell , flexible display , layer (electronics) , thin film transistor , oceanography , chemistry , geology
Transparent electrodes (TEs) having electrooptical trade‐offs better than state‐of‐the‐art indium tin oxide (ITO) are continuously sought as they are essential to enable flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, a TiO 2 ‐Ag‐ITO (TAI)‐based TE is introduced and its use is demonstrated in an inverted polymer solar cell (I‐PSCs). Thanks to the favorable nucleation and wetting conditions provided by the TiO 2 , the ultrathin silver film percolates and becomes continuous with high smoothness at very low thicknesses (3–4 nm), much lower than those required when it is directly deposited on a plastic or glass substrate. Compared to conventional ITO‐TE, the proposed TAI‐TE exhibits exceptionally lower electrical sheet resistance (6.2 Ω sq −1 ), higher optical transmittance, a figure‐of‐merit two times larger, and mechanical flexibility, the latter confirmed by the fact that the resistance increases only 6.6% after 10 3 tensile bending cycles. The I‐PSCs incorporating the TAI‐TE show record power conversion efficiency (8.34%), maintained at 96% even after 400 bending cycles.