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Carbon‐Stabilized High‐Capacity Ferroferric Oxide Nanorod Array for Flexible Solid‐State Alkaline Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Device with High Environmental Suitability
Author(s) -
Li Ruizhi,
Wang Yimeng,
Zhou Cheng,
Wang Chong,
Ba Xin,
Li Yuanyuan,
Huang Xintang,
Liu Jinping
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.201502265
Subject(s) - supercapacitor , materials science , anode , battery (electricity) , cathode , oxide , electrolyte , nanorod , electrochemistry , capacitance , energy storage , chemical engineering , alkaline battery , power density , electrode , nanotechnology , carbon nanotube , power (physics) , electrical engineering , metallurgy , chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering
Iron oxides are promising to be utilized in rechargeable alkaline battery with high capacity upon complete redox reaction (Fe 3+ Fe 0 ). However, their practical application has been hampered by the poor structural stability during cycling, presenting a challenge that is particularly huge when binder‐free electrode is employed. This paper proposes a “carbon shell‐protection” solution and reports on a ferroferric oxide–carbon (Fe 3 O 4 –C) binder‐free nanorod array anode exhibiting much improved cyclic stability (from only hundreds of times to >5000 times), excellent rate performance, and a high capacity of ≈7776.36 C cm −3 (≈0.4278 C cm −2 ; 247.5 mAh g −1 , 71.4% of the theoretical value) in alkaline electrolyte. Furthermore, by pairing with a capacitive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) film cathode, a unique flexible solid‐state rechargeable alkaline battery‐supercapacitor hybrid device (≈360 μm thickness) is assembled. It delivers high energy and power densities (1.56 mWh cm −3 ; 0.48 W cm −3 /≈4.8 s charging), surpassing many recently reported flexible supercapacitors. The highest energy density value even approaches that of Li thin‐film batteries and is about several times that of the commercial 5.5 V/100 mF supercapacitor. In particular, the hybrid device still maintains good electrochemical attributes in cases of substantially bending, high mechanical pressure, and elevated temperature (up to 80 °C), demonstrating high environmental suitability.