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Synthetic Crystals of Silver with Carbon: 3D Epitaxy of Carbon Nanostructures in the Silver Lattice
Author(s) -
SalamancaRiba Lourdes G.,
Isaacs Romaine A.,
LeMieux Melburne C.,
Wan Jiayu,
Gaskell Karen,
Jiang Yeping,
Wuttig Manfred,
Mansour Azzam N.,
Rashkeev Sergey N.,
Kuklja Maija M.,
Zavalij Peter Y.,
Santiago Jaime R.,
Hu Liangbing
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.201501156
Subject(s) - materials science , raman spectroscopy , graphene , density functional theory , vacancy defect , carbon fibers , epitaxy , crystallography , nanotechnology , chemical physics , composite material , computational chemistry , layer (electronics) , composite number , chemistry , physics , optics
Only minimum amounts of carbon can be incorporated into silver, gold, and copper in a thermodynamically stable form. Here, the structure of stable silver carbon alloys is described, which are produced by thermoelectrically charging molten silver with carbon ions. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman scattering are combined to establish that large amount of carbon is accommodated in the form of epitaxial graphene‐like sheets. The carbon bonds covalently to the silver matrix as predicted from density functional theory (DFT) calculations with bond energies in the range 1.1–2.2 eV per atom or vacancy. Graphitic‐like sheets embedded in the crystal lattice of silver form 3D epitaxial structures with the host metal with a strain of ≈13% compared to equilibrium graphene. The carbon nanostructures persist upon remelting and resolidification. A DFT‐based analysis of the phonon density of states confirms the presence of intense vibration modes related to the AgC bonds observed in the Raman spectra of the alloy. The solid silver–high carbon alloy, termed “Ag‐covetic,” displays room temperature electrical conductivity of 5.62 × 10 7 S m −1 even for carbon concentrations of up to ≈6 wt% (36 at%). This process of incorporation of carbon presents a new paradigm for electrocharging assisted bulk processing.