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Lithium Titanate Tailored by Cathodically Induced Graphene for an Ultrafast Lithium Ion Battery
Author(s) -
Yang Yingchang,
Qiao Binghan,
Yang Xuming,
Fang Laibing,
Pan Chengchi,
Song Weixin,
Hou Hongshuai,
Ji Xiaobo
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.201304263
Subject(s) - materials science , anode , graphene , composite number , oxalic acid , lithium titanate , lithium (medication) , chemical engineering , titanate , electrochemistry , calcination , battery (electricity) , inorganic chemistry , lithium ion battery , composite material , nanotechnology , electrode , ceramic , catalysis , organic chemistry , medicine , power (physics) , chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics , endocrinology , engineering
Nonoxidative cathodically induced graphene (CIG) here incorporates conductive agents for Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) anode materials. The tailored LTO/CIG composite is fabricated by controlled hydrolysis of tetrabutyl titanate in the presence of nonoxidative defect‐free cathodically induced graphene (CIG) and oxalic acid in a mixed solvent of ethanol and water, followed by hydrothermal reaction and a calcination treatment. Due to the introduction of defect‐free graphene, the resulting LTO/CIG composite shows an excellent electrical conductivity (1.2 × 10 −4 S cm −1 ) and Li + diffusion coefficient (1.61 × 10 −12 cm 2 s −1 ). As a result, the tuned LTO/CIG composite exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance, including excellent cycling stability (the capacity retention ratios after 500 cycles at 0.5 C is 96.2%) and a remarkable rate capability (162 mAh g −1 at 10C, 126 mAh g −1 at 100 C). A specific energy of 272 Wh kg −1 at power of 136 W kg −1 is observed when cycling against Li‐foil. Even during 36 s of charge/discharge, the specific energy of LTO/CIG composite remains at 166 Wh kg −1 .