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Three‐Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Polymeric Materials by Colloidal Crystal Templating for Reversible CO 2 Capture
Author(s) -
He Hongkun,
Zhong Mingjiang,
Konkolewicz Dominik,
Yacatto Karin,
Rappold Timothy,
Sugar Glenn,
David Nathaniel E.,
Gelb Jeff,
Kotwal Naomi,
Merkle Arno,
Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.201300401
Subject(s) - materials science , colloidal crystal , polystyrene , polymer , chemical engineering , colloid , monomer , porosity , crystal (programming language) , polymer chemistry , composite material , engineering , computer science , programming language
The design and preparation of porous materials with controlled structures and functionalities is crucial to a variety of absorption‐ or separation‐relevant applications, including CO 2 capture. Here, novel functional polymeric materials with three‐dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) structures are prepared by using colloidal crystals as templates using relatively simple, rapid, and inexpensive approaches. These ordered structures are used for the reversible CO 2 capture from ambient air by humidity swing. Typically, the colloidal crystal template is synthesized from polymer latex particles of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or polystyrene (PS). To maintain the functionality of the material, it is important to prevent the porous structure collapsing, which can occur by the hydrolysis of the ester bonds in conventional crosslinkers under basic conditions. This hydrolysis can be prevented by using a water‐soluble crosslinker containing two quaternary ammonium moieties, which can be used to prepare stable porous crosslinked polymers with the monomer (vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride (VBTMACl) and using a PMMA‐based colloidal crystal template. The hydroxide‐containing monomer and dicationic crosslinker are synthesized from their chloride precursors, avoiding the ion‐exchange step which causes shrinkage of the pores. An analysis of different methods for infiltrating the monomer solution into the colloidal crystal template shows that infiltration using capillary forces leads to fewer defects than infiltration under a partial vacuum. In addition, functional macroporous films with micrometer thickness are prepared from a template of PS‐based colloidal crystals in a thin film. In general, the colloidal crystal templated materials showed improved CO 2 absorption/desorption rates and swing sizes compared to a commercially available material with similar functional groups. This work could easily be extended to create a new generation of ordered macroporous polymeric materials with tunable functionalities for other applications.