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Film Morphology of High Efficiency Solution‐Processed Small‐Molecule Solar Cells
Author(s) -
Love John A.,
Proctor Christopher M.,
Liu Jianhua,
Takacs Christopher J.,
Sharenko Alexander,
van der Poll Thomas S.,
Heeger Alan J.,
Bazan Guillermo C.,
Nguyen ThucQuyen
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.201300099
Subject(s) - materials science , microstructure , transmission electron microscopy , polymer solar cell , small molecule , photovoltaic system , morphology (biology) , molecule , quantum efficiency , heterojunction , nanotechnology , high resolution transmission electron microscopy , solvent , chemical engineering , solar cell , optoelectronics , composite material , organic chemistry , ecology , chemistry , biology , engineering , genetics
Morphological control over the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) microstructure of a high‐efficiency small molecule photovoltaic system is demonstrated using both thermal treatment and solvent additive processing. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction is utilized to understand molecular interactions in the solid state and the BHJ morphology is examined using bright field, high‐resolution, and cross‐section transmission electron microscopy techniques. Controlling the domain size, while maintaining good molecular order within the semiconducting donor material, is found to be crucial in achieving high performance and over 90% internal quantum efficiency exhibited under the optimized conditions.