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Hyperbranched Polyglycerol‐Grafted Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Functionalization, Size Separation, Magnetic Properties, and Biological Applications
Author(s) -
Zhao Li,
Chano Tokuhiro,
Morikawa Shigehiro,
Saito Yukie,
Shiino Akihiko,
Shimizu Sawako,
Maeda Takuro,
Irie Takayoshi,
Aonuma Shuji,
Okabe Hidetoshi,
Kimura Takahide,
Inubushi Toshiro,
Komatsu Naoki
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.201201060
Subject(s) - surface modification , materials science , peg ratio , polyethylene glycol , solubility , nanoparticle , polymerization , superparamagnetism , click chemistry , particle size , polymer chemistry , chemical engineering , nanotechnology , combinatorial chemistry , polymer , organic chemistry , chemistry , physics , magnetization , finance , quantum mechanics , magnetic field , engineering , economics , composite material
For biomedical application of nanoparticles, the surface chemical functionality is very important to impart additional functions, such as solubility and stability in a physiological environment, and targeting specificity as an imaging probe and a drug carrier. Although polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been used extensively, here, it is proposed that hyperbranched polyglycerol (PG) is a good or even better alternative to PEG. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) prepared using a polyol method are directly functionalized with PG through ring‐opening polymerization of glycidol. The resulting SPION‐PG is highly soluble in pure water (>40 mg mL −1 ) and in a phosphate buffer solution (>25 mg mL −1 ). Such high solubility enables separation of SPION‐PG according to size using size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The size‐separated SPION‐PG shows a gradual increase in transverse relaxivity ( r 2 ) with increasing particle size. For biological application, SPION‐PG is functionalized through multistep organic transformations (–OH → –OTs (tosylate) → –N 3 → –RGD) including click chemistry as a key step to impart targeting specificity by immobilization of cyclic RGD peptide (Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐ D ‐Tyr‐Lys) on the surface. The targeting effect is demonstrated by the cell experiments; SPION‐PG‐RGD is taken up by the cells overexpressing α v β 3 ‐integrin such as U87MG and A549.