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Electrochemical Na Insertion and Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Hard‐Carbon Electrodes and Application to Na‐Ion Batteries
Author(s) -
Komaba Shinichi,
Murata Wataru,
Ishikawa Toru,
Yabuuchi Naoaki,
Ozeki Tomoaki,
Nakayama Tetsuri,
Ogata Atsushi,
Gotoh Kazuma,
Fujiwara Kazuya
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.201100854
Subject(s) - electrolyte , electrochemistry , materials science , lithium (medication) , passivation , battery (electricity) , carbon fibers , sodium , electrode , energy storage , organic radical battery , chemical engineering , propylene carbonate , inorganic chemistry , nanotechnology , chemistry , metallurgy , composite material , medicine , power (physics) , physics , layer (electronics) , quantum mechanics , composite number , engineering , endocrinology
Recently, lithium‐ion batteries have been attracting more interest for use in automotive applications. Lithium resources are confirmed to be unevenly distributed in South America, and the cost of the lithium raw materials has roughly doubled from the first practical application in 1991 to the present and is increasing due to global demand for lithium‐ion accumulators. Since the electrochemical equivalent and standard potential of sodium are the most advantageous after lithium, sodium based energy storage is of great interest to realize lithium‐free high energy and high voltage batteries. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no successful reports on electrochemical sodium insertion materials for battery applications; the major challenge is the negative electrode and its passivation. In this study, we achieve high capacity and excellent reversibility sodium‐insertion performance of hard‐carbon and layered NaNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 electrodes in propylene carbonate electrolyte solutions. The structural change and passivation for hard‐carbon are investigated to study the reversible sodium insertion. The 3‐volt secondary Na‐ion battery possessing environmental and cost friendliness, Na + ‐shuttlecock hard‐carbon/NaNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 cell, demonstrates steady cycling performance as next generation secondary batteries and an alternative to Li‐ion batteries.