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Novel Sol–Gel Nano‐Glass–Ceramics Comprising Ln 3+ ‐Doped YF 3 Nanocrystals: Structure and High Efficient UV Up‐Conversion
Author(s) -
Yanes A. Carlos,
SantanaAlonso Alejandro,
MéndezRamos Jorge,
delCastillo Javier,
Rodríguez Vicente D.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.201100146
Subject(s) - materials science , nanocrystal , ion , luminescence , doping , precipitation , transmission electron microscopy , high resolution transmission electron microscopy , ceramic , nano , analytical chemistry (journal) , sol gel , photon upconversion , nanotechnology , optoelectronics , chemistry , physics , meteorology , composite material , chromatography , quantum mechanics
Transparent glass‐ceramics containing Ln 3+ ‐doped YF 3 nanocrystals are successfully obtained under adequate thermal treatment of precursor sol–gel glasses for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Precipitation of YF 3 nanocrystals is confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy images. An exhaustive structural analysis is carried out using Eu 3+ and Sm 3+ as probe ions of the final local environment in the nano‐structured glass–ceramic. Noticeable changes in luminescence spectra, related to relative intensity and Stark structure of band components, along with remarkably different lifetime values, allow us to discern between ions residing in precipitated YF 3 nanocrystals and those remaining in a glassy environment. A large fraction of optically active ions is efficiently partitioned into nanocrystals of small size, around 11 nm. Moreover, bright and efficient up‐conversion, including very intense high‐energy emissions in the UV range, due to 4‐ and 5‐infrared photon processes, are achieved in Yb 3+ –Tm 3+ co‐doped samples. Up‐conversion mechanisms are analysed in depth by means of intensity dependence on sensitiser Yb 3+ concentration and pump power.