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Polyphenylene Dendrimer‐Templated In Situ Construction of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Rice‐Shaped Architectures
Author(s) -
Qi Xiaoying,
Xue Can,
Huang Xiao,
Huang Yizhong,
Zhou Xiaozhu,
Li Hai,
Liu Daojun,
Boey Freddy,
Yan Qingyu,
Huang Wei,
De Feyter Steven,
Müllen Klaus,
Zhang Hua
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.200900982
Subject(s) - dendrimer , materials science , nanoparticle , hybrid material , chemical engineering , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , transmission electron microscopy , nanomaterials , crystallography , nanotechnology , polymer chemistry , chemistry , engineering
A novel dendrimer‐templating method for the synthesis of CuO nanoparticles and the in situ construction of ordered inorganic–organic CuO–G2Td(COOH) 16 rice‐shaped architectures (RSAs) with analogous monocrystalline structures are reported. The primary CuO nanoparticles are linked by the G2Td(COOH) 16 dendrimer. This method provides a way to preserve the original properties of primary CuO nanoparticles in the ordered hybrid nanomaterials by using the 3D rigid polyphenylene dendrimer (G2Td(COOH) 16 ) as a space isolation. The primary CuO nanoparticles with diameter of (6.3 ± 0.4) nm are synthesized via four successive reaction steps starting from the rapid reduction of Cu(NO 3 ) 2 by using NaBH 4 as reducer and G2Td(COOH) 16 as surfactant. The obtained hybrid CuO–G2Td(COOH) 16 RSA, formed in the last reaction step, possesses a crystal structure analogous to a monocrystal as observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). In particular, the formation process of the RSA is monitored by UV–vis, TEM, and X‐ray diffraction. Small angle X‐ray scattering and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are used to investigate the role of the dendrimer in the RSA formation process. The obtained results illuminate that Cu 2+ COO − coordination bonds play an indispensable role in bridging and dispersing the primary CuO nanoparticles to induce and maintain the hybrid RSA. More importantly, the RSA is retained through the Cu 2+ COO − coordination bonds even with HCl treatment, suggesting that the dendrimers and Cu 2+ ions may form rice‐shaped polymeric complexes which could template the assembly of CuO nanoparticles towards RSAs. This study highlights the feasibility and flexibility of employing the peculiar dendrimers to in‐situ build up hybrid architectures which could further serve as templates, containers or nanoreactors for the synthesis of other nanomaterials.