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Diamond Transistor Array for Extracellular Recording From Electrogenic Cells
Author(s) -
Dankerl Markus,
Eick Stefan,
Hofmann Boris,
Hauf Moritz,
Ingebrandt Sven,
Offenhäusser Andreas,
Stutzmann Martin,
Garrido Jose A.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.200900590
Subject(s) - materials science , transistor , diamond , optoelectronics , nanotechnology , field effect transistor , substrate (aquarium) , hek 293 cells , extracellular , electrolyte , electrode , biophysics , voltage , cell culture , microbiology and biotechnology , electrical engineering , chemistry , biology , ecology , genetics , composite material , engineering
The transduction of electric signals from cells to electronic devices is mandatory for medical applications such as neuroprostheses and fundamental research on communication in neuronal networks. Here, the use of diamond with its advantages for biological applications as a new material for biohybrid devices for the detection of cell signals is investigated. Using the surface conductivity of hydrogen‐terminated single‐crystalline diamond substrates, arrays of solution‐gate field‐effect transistors were fabricated. The characterization of the transistors reveals a good stability in electrolyte solutions for at least 7 days. On these devices, cardiomyocyte‐like HL‐1 cells as well as human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293), which were stably transfected with potassium channels, are cultured. Both types of cells show healthy growth and good adhesion to the substrate. The diamond transistors are used to detect electrical signals from both types of cells by recording the extracellular potential. For the HL‐1 cells, the shape of action potentials can be resolved and the propagation of the signal across the cell layer is visible. Potassium currents of HEK293 cells are activated with the patch‐clamp technique in voltage‐clamp mode and simultaneously measured with the field‐effect transistors. The ion sensitivity of the diamond surface enables the detection of released potassium ions accumulated in the cleft between transistor and cell.