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Eutectic Gallium‐Indium (EGaIn): A Liquid Metal Alloy for the Formation of Stable Structures in Microchannels at Room Temperature
Author(s) -
Dickey Michael D.,
Chiechi Ryan C.,
Larsen Ryan J.,
Weiss Emily A.,
Weitz David A.,
Whitesides George M.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.200701216
Subject(s) - materials science , liquid metal , gallium , microchannel , eutectic system , microfluidics , indium , alloy , nanotechnology , microstructure , oxide , composite material , metallurgy
This paper describes the rheological behavior of the liquid metal eutectic gallium‐indium (EGaIn) as it is injected into microfluidic channels to form stable microstructures of liquid metal. EGaIn is well‐ ;suited for this application because of its rheological properties at room temperature: it behaves like an elastic material until it experiences a critical surface stress, at which point it yields and flows readily. These properties allow EGaIn to fill microchannels rapidly when sufficient pressure is applied to the inlet of the channels, yet maintain structural stability within the channels once ambient pressure is restored. Experiments conducted in microfluidic channels, and in a parallel‐plate rheometer, suggest that EGaIn's behavior is dictated by the properties of its surface (predominantly gallium oxide, as determined by Auger measurement s); these two experiments both yield approximately the same number for the critical surface stress required to induce EGaIn to flow (∼0 .5 N/m). This analysis–which shows that the pressure that must be exceeded for EGaIn to flow through a microchannel is inversely proportional to the critical (i.e., smallest) dimension of the channel–is useful to guide future fabrication of microfluidic channels to mold EGaIn into functional microstructures.