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Synthesis of Inorganic and Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Hollow Particles Using a Cationic Surfactant with a Partially Fluorinated Tail
Author(s) -
Tan B.,
Vyas S. M.,
Lehmler H.J.,
Knutson B. L.,
Rankin S. E.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.200600635
Subject(s) - alkoxide , materials science , cationic polymerization , pulmonary surfactant , bromide , chemical engineering , fluorocarbon , hybrid material , silanes , vesicle , mesoporous material , polymer chemistry , pyridinium , silane , inorganic chemistry , nanotechnology , organic chemistry , chemistry , membrane , composite material , biochemistry , catalysis , engineering
A new partially fluorinated cationic surfactant, 1‐(10‐perfluorooctyldecyl)pyridinium bromide monohydrate, is synthesized and used as the template for mesoporous ceramic and inorganic–organic hybrid particles. Several hydrolyzed alkoxide precursors are shown to co‐assemble with this surfactant to form hollow vesicle‐like particles, and the effect of changing the alkoxide chemical structure on the formation of these particles is examined. Tetramethoxysilane produces cubic or columnar particles without hollow cavities, but all other tetra‐ n ‐alkoxysilanes tested up to the n ‐butoxide produce hollow particles. As the alkoxide length increases, the shell structure changes from multilayered (with Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 4 ) to a single thin layer (with Si(OC 3 H 7 ) 4 ) to a single thick layer (with Si(OC 4 H 9 ) 4 ). The stability of the fluorocarbon bilayers allows similar vesicular structures to be obtained in organic–inorganic hybrids prepared with bridged alkoxysilanes. Ethylene‐bridged silanes display similar structures to tetraalkoxysilanes. However, the hollow structures appear to partially collapse when the bridging chain is too long (octylene) and no hollow particles are formed with bis(trialkoxysilylpropyl)amines.