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Poled Sol–Gel Materials With Heterocycle Push–Pull Chromophores that Confer Enhanced Second‐Order Optical Nonlinearity
Author(s) -
Brusatin G.,
Abbotto A.,
Beverina L.,
Pagani G. A.,
Casalboni M.,
Sarcinelli F.,
Innocenzi P.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
advanced functional materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 6.069
H-Index - 322
eISSN - 1616-3028
pISSN - 1616-301X
DOI - 10.1002/adfm.200305139
Subject(s) - hyperpolarizability , poling , chromophore , materials science , carbazole , second harmonic generation , doping , sol gel , electroluminescence , nonlinear optics , nonlinear optical , optoelectronics , chemical engineering , photochemistry , nanotechnology , nonlinear system , optics , layer (electronics) , laser , engineering , quantum mechanics , dielectric , ferroelectricity , chemistry , physics
Hybrid organic–inorganic materials doped with zwitterionic push–pull chromophores with high hyperpolarizability have been synthesized by a sol–gel procedure. A large chromophore concentration was reached by using N ‐(hydroxyethyl)carbazole as a physical spacer (preventing the dye aggregation). Spin‐coated doped films were electrically poled and second harmonic generation measurements performed in situ. During the thermally assisted poling under a N 2 atmosphere, only the carbazole molecules degraded. Second‐harmonic generation measurements gave an estimation of the nonlinear coefficient, r 33 , of 38 pm V –1 at 1064 nm.