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Morphology and Crystallinity Amelioration of MAPbI 3 Perovskite in Virtue of PbI 2 Thermal Absorption Drifted Performance Enhancement in Planer n–i–p Solar Cells
Author(s) -
Dhamaniya Bhanu Pratap,
Kumar Amit,
N. Ganesh,
Chhillar Priyanka,
Ghorai Anaranya,
Ganesan Krishna Priya,
Puthanveettil Suresh E.,
K. S. Narayan,
Pathak Sandeep Kumar
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
advanced engineering materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.938
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1527-2648
pISSN - 1438-1656
DOI - 10.1002/adem.202000990
Subject(s) - crystallinity , materials science , perovskite (structure) , energy conversion efficiency , thin film , chemical engineering , iodide , optoelectronics , nanotechnology , composite material , inorganic chemistry , chemistry , engineering
Sequential deposition route is widely investigated in fabricating perovskite thin films for state‐of‐the‐art perovskite photovoltaics. However, concerns such as lower morphological control, phase purity, and remnant unreacted salts methylammonium iodide (MAI and PbI 2 ) are raised, which can significantly deteriorate optoelectronic properties, hence the operational durability of the devices. Herein, a facile two‐step method to prepare high‐quality perovskite thin films with reproducibility is reported, as‐spun PbI 2 is annealed at varying thermal input under controlled rate, and a trend in converted perovskite film properties is noted. Specifically, PbI 2 thin film annealed at 200 °CC results in 20x intensified crystallinity with pinholes free and a subsequent reduction in the crystal microstrain. In addition, it provides higher surface roughness to load more MAI [in iso‐propyl alcohol (IPA)]; therefore, a higher perovskite conversion is achieved. This method enables a significant efficiency enhancement in the treated sample (Pero@PbI 2 ‐200 °C) as compared with controlled film; it retains around 90% initial efficiency after 384 h of ambient exposure. Furthermore, a facile intermediate solvent treatment method to gain the complete conversion of PbI 2 into perovskite is also reported. This study highlights the importance of morphological control in governing optoelectronic properties, hence the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.