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Development of Host‐Orthogonal Genetic Systems for Synthetic Biology
Author(s) -
Zhang Yang,
Ding Wentao,
Wang Zhihui,
Zhao Huimin,
Shi Shuobo
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
advanced biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2701-0198
DOI - 10.1002/adbi.202000252
Subject(s) - synthetic biology , biology , computational biology , host (biology) , gene , translation (biology) , systems biology , dna , transcription (linguistics) , genetics , messenger rna , linguistics , philosophy
The construction of a host‐orthogonal genetic system can not only minimize the impact of host‐specific nuances on fine‐tuning of gene expression, but also expand cellular functions such as in vivo continuous evolution of genes based on an error‐prone DNA polymerase. It represents an emerging powerful approach for making biology easier to engineer. In this review, the recent advances are described on the design of genetic systems that can be stably inherited in the host cells and are responsible for important biological processes including DNA replication, RNA transcription, protein translation, and gene regulation. Their applications in synthetic biology are summarized and the future challenges and opportunities are discussed in developing such systems.