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Association of arterial events with the coexistence of metabolic syndrome and primary antiphospholipid syndrome
Author(s) -
Rodrigues Carlos Ewerton Maia,
Bonfá Eloisa,
Caleiro Maria Teresa Correia,
Vendramini Margarete B.,
Bueno Cleonice,
Lopes Jaqueline B.,
de Carvalho Jozélio Freire
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
arthritis care and research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.032
H-Index - 163
eISSN - 2151-4658
pISSN - 2151-464X
DOI - 10.1002/acr.21701
Subject(s) - medicine , metabolic syndrome , insulin resistance , diabetes mellitus , antiphospholipid syndrome , lupus anticoagulant , gastroenterology , endocrinology , cardiology , obesity , thrombosis
Objective Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent in rheumatic diseases and is recognized as a new independent cardiovascular risk factor. This study was undertaken to determine the clinical significance of MetS in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Methods Seventy‐one primary APS patients and 73 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were included. Serum samples were tested for lipid profile, Lp(a), glucose, insulin, thyroid‐stimulating hormone, free T4, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‐reactive protein level, and uric acid. MetS was defined by the International Diabetes Federation criteria, and insulin resistance was established using the homeostasis model assessment index. Results The prevalence of MetS was 33.8%, and further comparison between primary APS patients with and without MetS revealed that the former had a higher frequency of arterial events (79.2% versus 42.6%; P = 0.003), angina (29.2% versus 2.1%; P = 0.002), and positive lupus anticoagulant antibody (95.8% versus 76.6%; P = 0.049). In addition, primary APS patients with MetS, as expected, had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. On multivariate analysis, only MetS was independently associated with arterial events in primary APS. Conclusion Coexistence of primary APS and MetS seems to identify a subgroup of patients with higher risk of arterial events, suggesting that MetS may aggravate existing endothelial abnormalities of primary APS.