Premium
Cognitive processes in well‐defined and ill‐defined problem solving
Author(s) -
Schraw Gregory,
Dunkle Michael E.,
Bendixen Lisa D.
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
applied cognitive psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.719
H-Index - 100
eISSN - 1099-0720
pISSN - 0888-4080
DOI - 10.1002/acp.2350090605
Subject(s) - cognition , psychology , cognitive psychology , psychiatry
We investigated the relationship between two kinds of problem solving using Kitchener's model of hierarchical cognitive processing. We predicted that performance on well‐defined problems (i. e. those with a single, guaranteed solution) would be independent of ill‐defined problems (i. e. those with multiple, non‐guaranteed solutions). We also predicted that self‐reported epistemic beliefs (i. e. assumptions about the nature and acquisition of knowledge) would be related to ill‐defined, but not well‐defined, solutions. Results confirmed these predictions. We concluded that well‐defined and ill‐defined problems require separate cognitive processes and that epistemic beliefs play an important role in ill‐defined problem solving. These findings supported Kitchener's three‐level model of problem solving.