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A meta‐analysis of the differential relations of traditional and cyber‐victimization with internalizing problems
Author(s) -
Gini Gianluca,
Card Noel A.,
Pozzoli Tiziana
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
aggressive behavior
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.223
H-Index - 92
eISSN - 1098-2337
pISSN - 0096-140X
DOI - 10.1002/ab.21742
Subject(s) - moderation , psychology , bivariate analysis , aggression , poison control , extant taxon , human factors and ergonomics , injury prevention , meta analysis , suicide prevention , clinical psychology , developmental psychology , social psychology , medical emergency , medicine , mathematics , statistics , evolutionary biology , biology
This meta‐analysis examined the associations between cyber‐victimization and internalizing problems controlling for the occurrence of traditional victimization. Twenty independent samples with a total of 90,877 participants were included. Results confirmed the significant intercorrelation between traditional and cyber‐victimization ( r = .43). They both have medium‐to‐large bivariate correlations with internalizing problems. Traditional victimization ( sr = .22) and cyber‐victimization ( sr = .12) were also uniquely related to internalizing problems. The difference in the relations between each type of victimization and internalizing problems was small (differential d = .06) and not statistically significant ( p = .053). Moderation of these effect sizes by sample characteristics (e.g., age and proportion of girls) and study features (e.g., whether a definition of bullying was provided to participants and the time frame used as reference) was investigated. Results are discussed within the extant literature on cyber‐aggression and cyber‐victimization and future directions are proposed.