Open AccessG‐CSF / GM‐CSF ‐induced hematopoietic dysregulation in the progression of solid tumors
Author(s) -
He Kai,
Liu Xi,
Hoffman Robert D.,
Shi RongZhen,
Lv GuiYuan,
Gao JianLi
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
febs open bio
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.718
H-Index - 31
ISSN - 2211-5463
DOI - 10.1002/2211-5463.13445
Subject(s) - haematopoiesis , myelopoiesis , hematopoietic growth factor , granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor , cancer research , immunology , metastasis , granulocyte colony stimulating factor , granulocyte , colony stimulating factor , medicine , cancer , stem cell , biology , cytokine , chemotherapy , microbiology and biotechnology
There are two types of abnormal hematopoiesis in solid tumor occurrence and treatment: pathological hematopoiesis, and myelosuppression induced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this review we primarily focus on the abnormal pathological hematopoietic differentiation in cancer induced by tumor‐released granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). As key factors in hematopoietic development, G‐CSF/GM‐CSF are well‐known facilitators of myelopoiesis and mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In addition, these two cytokines can also promote or inhibit tumors, dependent on tumor type. In multiple cancer types, hematopoiesis is greatly enhanced and abnormal lineage differentiation is induced by these two cytokines. Here, dysregulated hematopoiesis induced by G‐CSF/GM‐CSF in solid tumors and its mechanism are summarized, and the prognostic value of G‐CSF/GM‐CSF‐associated dysregulated hematopoiesis for tumor metastasis is also briefly highlighted.