Open AccessDynamic integration and excision of filamentous phage XacF1 in Xanthomonas citri pv. citri , the causative agent of citrus canker disease
Author(s) -
Ahmad Abdelmonim A.,
Kawabe Makoto,
Askora Ahmed,
Kawasaki Takeru,
Fujie Makoto,
Yamada Takashi
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
febs open bio
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.718
H-Index - 31
ISSN - 2211-5463
DOI - 10.1002/2211-5463.12312
Subject(s) - citrus canker , biology , xanthomonas citri , genome , plasmid , open reading frame , strain (injury) , whole genome sequencing , genetics , xanthomonas , microbiology and biotechnology , gene , bacteria , peptide sequence , anatomy
Inovirus XacF1 (7325 nucleotides) is integrated into the genome of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri ( Xcc ) strains at the host dif site ( att B) by the host XerC/D recombination system. The XacF1 att P sequence is located within the coding region of ORF 12, a possible phage regulator. After integration, this open reading frame ( ORF ) is split into two pieces on the host genome. We examined dynamic integration/excision of XacF1 in Xcc strain MAFF 301080 and found that the integration started at 4 h postinfection (p.i.) and peaked at 12 h p.i. Thereafter, the ratio of integrated to free forms remained constant, suggesting equilibrium of integration and excision of XacF1 in the host genome. However, the integrated state became very unstable following a 5′‐deletion of ORF 12 in XacF1, suggesting that ORF 12 plays a key role in the integration cycle of XacF1 in Xcc strains.