Open AccessThe modeling of tap‐changing transformers and P‐V buses using the sensitivity impedance matrix
Author(s) -
Kim Insu
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
international transactions on electrical energy systems
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.428
H-Index - 42
ISSN - 2050-7038
DOI - 10.1002/2050-7038.12629
Subject(s) - transformer , sensitivity (control systems) , electrical impedance , impedance parameters , computer science , electronic engineering , engineering , electrical engineering , voltage
Summary Rapid deployment of distributed generation resources such as photovoltaic systems, wind farms, and other power electronics‐based loads has emphasized the requirement for tap‐changing transformers that minimize voltage variations and phase imbalances. Thus, various power‐flow algorithms able to model such a tap‐changing transformer have been proposed. The algorithms include a method that uses the bus impedance or admittance matrix. However, particularly the previous algorithms that use the impedance matrix did not take tap‐changing transformers and P‐V buses into account. Thus, this study models tap‐changing transformers for a power‐flow algorithm using the impedance matrix. For this purpose, it proposes a unified steady‐state T shaped transformer model with a tap changer on the primary or secondary side. The proposed power‐flow calculation algorithm also models P‐V buses by the sensitivity impedance matrix. Since the proposed method reduces the inversion of matrices, it can be faster than the Newton‐Raphson and fast decoupled methods (eg, the modified IEEE 30‐bus test system added by 3000 or more nodes), not losing the accuracy.