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Circulation Changes in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea Over the Past 23,000 Years Inferred From Authigenic Nd Isotopic Ratios
Author(s) -
Cornuault Marine,
Tachikawa Kazuyo,
Vidal Laurence,
Guihou Abel,
Siani Giuseppe,
Deschamps Pierre,
Bassinot Franck,
Revel Marie
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
paleoceanography and paleoclimatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.927
H-Index - 127
eISSN - 2572-4525
pISSN - 2572-4517
DOI - 10.1002/2017pa003227
Subject(s) - oceanography , deglaciation , geology , north atlantic deep water , last glacial maximum , authigenic , circumpolar deep water , mediterranean climate , thermohaline circulation , benthic zone , water mass , sapropel , holocene , mediterranean sea , geochemistry , geography , archaeology , diagenesis
The Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) is a key region to study circulation change because of its own thermohaline circulation. In this study, we focused on intermediate/deep water circulation since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) including the sapropel S1 period. Two cores from the Levantine Sea and the Strait of Sicily, respectively, collected at 1,780 m and 771 m water depth, were studied using 143 Nd/ 144 Nd ( ε Nd ) of foraminiferal tests and leachates as well as benthic foraminiferal stable isotopes (δ 13 C, δ 18 O). This approach allowed the determination of variations in (1) the North Atlantic water contribution to the Mediterranean basin, (2) water exchanges at the Strait of Sicily, and (3) the influence of the Nile River over the last 23,000 years. During the LGM, high benthic foraminiferal δ 13 C values indicate well‐ventilated intermediate and deep waters in the EMS. The ε Nd values were more radiogenic than at present, reflecting a smaller contribution of unradiogenic North Atlantic waters to the EMS due to reduced exchange at the Strait of Sicily. The sluggish circulation in the EMS initiated during deglaciation was further enhanced by increased Nile River freshwater inputs between 15 ka BP and the S1 period. Partial dissolution of Nile River particles contributed to an increase in EMS ε Nd . The large ε Nd gradient between the EMS and the Western Mediterranean Sea observed during LGM and S1 suggests that each basin had a distinct circulation mode. Decreasing ε Nd values at the Strait of Sicily after S1 reflected improved water exchange between both basins, leading to the modern circulation pattern.