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Mapping of a Typhoon‐Driven Coastal Upwelling by Assimilating Coastal Acoustic Tomography Data
Author(s) -
Chen Minmo,
Kaneko Arata,
Lin Ju,
Zhang Chuanzheng
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: oceans
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2169-9291
pISSN - 2169-9275
DOI - 10.1002/2017jc012812
Subject(s) - upwelling , geology , mixed layer , typhoon , oceanography , volume (thermodynamics) , climatology , data assimilation , bay , surface layer , meteorology , layer (electronics) , geography , materials science , physics , quantum mechanics , composite material
A typhoon‐driven upwelling event was observed with coastal acoustic tomography in Hiroshima Bay during September 2013. The tomography data were used to obtain state estimates from an ocean model, employing the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for data assimilation. Hiroshima Bay was represented as a two‐layer system with a fresh, near‐surface layer overlaying a more saline, lower layer. Wind from the typhoon forced the surface layer southward, thus drawing the lower layer northward and causing upwelling. After the upwelling, these currents reversed for a period. During the upwelling, the total volume transports for the upper and lower layers were well balanced, showing continuity of the two layers. However, the total upper layer volume transported northward during the reverse‐flow period was significantly smaller than the total upper layer volume transported southward during the upwelling, and significantly larger than the total lower layer volume transported southward during the reverse‐flow period. The downstream reductions of transported volume indicated mixing fractions of 24%–30%, with water mixing at the interface of the upper and lower layers. Errors in state estimates were less than the changes in current and salinity associated with the upwelling.