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Exceptional Air Mass Transport and Dynamical Drivers of an Extreme Wintertime Arctic Warm Event
Author(s) -
Binder Hanin,
Boettcher Maxi,
Grams Christian M.,
Joos Hanna,
Pfahl Stephan,
Wernli Heini
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1002/2017gl075841
Subject(s) - anticyclone , climatology , arctic , environmental science , atmospheric sciences , warm front , synoptic scale meteorology , air mass (solar energy) , cyclone (programming language) , geology , physics , mechanics , oceanography , boundary layer , computer hardware , field programmable gate array , computer science
At the turn of the years 2015/2016, maximum surface temperature in the Arctic reached record‐high values, exceeding the melting point, which led to a strong reduction of the Arctic sea ice extent in the middle of the cold season. Here we show, using a Lagrangian method, that a combination of very different airstreams contributed to this event: (i) warm low‐level air of subtropical origin, (ii) initially cold low‐level air of polar origin heated by surface fluxes, and (iii) strongly descending air heated by adiabatic compression. The poleward transport of these warm airstreams occurred along an intense low‐level jet between a series of cyclones and a quasi‐stationary anticyclone. The complex 3‐D configuration that enabled this transport was facilitated by continuous warm conveyor belt ascent into the upper part of the anticyclone. This study emphasizes the combined role of multiple transport processes and transient synoptic‐scale dynamics for establishing an extreme Arctic warm event.